The Democratization of Knowledge
We carry out a model of research in the Lab which we call Co-generation of Knowledge. Its philosophical underpinning is that knowledge is decentralized and no one entity has a monopoly on knowledge.1
Traditionally, we think about scientific knowledge as being created by academics—with the hope that this knowledge will inform policies and practices. Simultaneously, practitioners and policymakers generate their own knowledge, but this knowledge often does not make its way into scientific knowledge. These parallel streams often remain disconnected, resulting in significant knowledge loss for society. Transforming how knowledge is created — and who participates in that process — is essential to addressing these gaps.
Even when collaboration between academics and practitioners happens, it often takes the form of consulting (driven by the needs of practice) or extraction (driven by the needs of research). Instead of reinforcing this divide, we seek to identify questions that can both move the scientific frontier forward and are essential for a large-scale practitioner partner. This leads to deeper questions, which challenge traditional ideas in both practice and in academia.
While there are many questions in practice that may not be important scientifically, and questions at the scientific frontier that are important but not immediately relevant to policy, we instead seek to find the overlap between
This philosophy of co-generation extends to the community level, where we work to strengthen people’s capacity to generate knowledge about their own lives and contexts. We believe that everyone has the right and responsibility to participate in knowledge generation.2 When youth, community leaders, and residents learn the tools of systematic inquiry, they become scientists of their own communities, able to investigate the questions that matter most to them. Learning how to generate knowledge also builds trust in knowledge itself; people who understand this process are equipped to evaluate evidence and resilient against misinformation or anti-science sentiment
Putting Co-generation into Action

True co-generation requires trust, deep institutional knowledge, and collaborative design of both questions and methods — whether that involves field experiments, structural models, or machine learning with administrative data. For this reason, we embed ourselves deeply within partner organizations: fully co-designing interventions, aligning research agendas, and jointly implementing each step in a truly collaborative format.
Examples of co-generation in action
Public Sector
Beginning in 2010, we co-designed and evaluated over many years a local talent recruitment program together with the Ministry of Health in Zambia (Ashraf et al. 2020), aimed at improving public service delivery in the health sector for rural communities in Zambia. In 2018, our results led the WHO to declare this as Global Best Practice in recruiting and compensating community health workers, with significant social impact. We continue to work extensively in Zambia with the Ministry of Education, Health and Judiciary, and in the United Kingdom, with the Department of Works and Pensions, on scalable innovations.
Firms
We also have overarching collaboration agreements with two large multinational firms who are leaders in their respective sectors to design and evaluate interventions aimed at boasting pro-sociality and community-attachment in employees, and bringing societal welfare goals into alignment with the profit maximizing motive of private enterprises. These collaboration agreements, agreed upon by the general legal counsels of both LSE and the companies, ensure integrity and transparency in the research production: academics do not receive compensation for these studies from the companies, and the companies agree to the publication of results regardless of the outcome.
Partners and Networks
Our partners fall into three groups:
- Core Lab Partners: organizations where most of the Lab’s research is generated.
- Future Partners: organizations positioned to become future research collaborators.
- Interested Learners: groups and individuals who follow results and may be inspired to apply or extend ideas in their own settings.
This model breaks down the traditional dichotomy between knowledge generated in the field by practitioners and knowledge produced in the ivory tower of academia. By fostering genuine collaboration, it enhances both the rigor of academic research and its real-world impact far beyond academic settings.
- This is well-illustrated in Friedrich Hayek’s classic essay on “The Use of Knowledge in Society” (1945) , “The knowledge of the circumstances of which we must make use never exists in concentrated or integrated form, but solely as the dispersed bits of incomplete and frequently contradictory knowledge which all the separate individuals possess…” ↩︎
- “Access to knowledge is the right of every human being, and participation in its generation, application and diffusion a responsibility that all must shoulder in the great enterprise of building a prosperous world civilization – each individual according to his or her talents and abilities. Justice demands universal participation.” ~The Universal House of Justice (2010) ↩︎